topic 9.
Traffic observation & driving maneuvers.

Rule 1

3-step rule: mirror - look over your shoulder - turn signal

Before EVERY lane change, turning, overtaking: first inside mirror + outside mirror, then look over your shoulder (blind spot!), then turn signal. Maneuvers only begin when all three steps have been completed.

Rule 2

Overtaking only when visibility is clear

You must be able to see the entire overtaking route + safety distance. On curves, hilltops, railway crossings, pedestrian crossings: No overtaking - without there having to be a sign.

Rule 3

Zipper method when threading

When narrowing a road (construction site, abruptly ending lane), the zipper method applies: only merge at the end of your own lane, alternating with the other lane keeper. Anyone who moves over earlier will hinder the flow of traffic.

Rule 4

Reversing requires absolute visual control

Before you reverse: get out and check (especially with children, animals, low obstacles). While driving: shoulder over the right shoulder, both exterior mirrors, rear view camera is an aid - not a replacement.

Rule 5

U-turns are prohibited where there is a danger

Often allowed in urban areas, risky outside of urban areas. Prohibited: on motorways, motorways, in tunnels, at level crossings, on one-way streets opposite the direction of travel. Otherwise only if no one is endangered.

Error 1

Forgot to look over your shoulder

The most common reason for 'failing' the practical exam. Mirror alone does NOT show the blind spot.

Error 2

Turn signals only after steering wheel movement

The indicator must come BEFORE the maneuver - otherwise the person behind cannot react. Not flashing in a timely manner will result in a fine.

Error 3

Misunderstanding zipper procedures

Many people think they have to change early 'politely'. Wrong: merging at the end of your own lane is the correct option, as required by law.

Error 4

Overtaking just before the curve

Anyone who sees a curve is not allowed to start overtaking. Overtaking is also prohibited on hilltops - there is not enough visibility.

Question 1

You want to change lanes on the highway. In what order do you act?

AnswerInterior mirror - exterior mirror - look over the shoulder - indicators - maneuvers.

Without looking over your shoulder, the blind spot remains uncontrolled; the risk is real.

Question 2

When do you need to use the zipper procedure?

AnswerIf the road narrows (e.g. construction site, lane closure) - alternately merge into the end of your own lane.

If you change too early, you hinder the flow of traffic; The regulation has been binding since 2009 (Section 7 Paragraph 4 StVO).

Question 3

What do you check before reversing on a residential street?

AnswerGet out and check the area behind the car — especially for children and obstacles.

Rear view cameras are aids, but do not replace direct vision.